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4530 題 Trung học 3/10/2026
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本題庫專為香港中學文憑考試（DSE）經濟科考生設計，全面涵蓋微觀與宏觀經濟學核心考點。內容嚴格遵循考評局課程大綱，總結歷屆試題經驗與模擬考題，旨在幫助學生掌握供求分析、市場結構及國民收入等關鍵概念。透…
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免費體驗 20 題A construction company is planning to build a new bridge. Explain whether the opportunity cost of building the bridge will change if there is a sudden surge in the global price of steel, which is a key material for the construction. 某建築公司正計劃興建一條新大橋。若全球鋼鐵價格突然飆升（鋼鐵是建築的主要材料），解釋興建該大橋的機會成本會否改變。 (4 Marks) (4分)
During a severe drought, a city government decides to implement a water rationing scheme where each household is allocated a fixed amount of water per day for free, instead of letting the water price rise. This is an example of using __________ to solve the problem of __________. 在嚴重旱災期間，城市政府決定實施食水配給計劃，向每戶家庭免費分配每日固定供水量，而非讓水價上升。 這是一個利用 __________ 來解決 __________ 問題的例子。
A government is deciding whether to convert a large suburban park into a high-speed rail terminal. Explain whether the opportunity cost of building the rail terminal will change if (a) a discovery of ancient artifacts on the site leads to a legal permanent ban on any commercial development other than the rail terminal. 某政府正考慮是否將一個大型郊野公園改建為高速鐵路總站。解釋在以下情況下，興建高鐵總站的機會成本會否改變： (a) 在該地址發現古代文物，導致除了高鐵總站外，法律上永久禁止任何其他商業發展。 (4 Marks) (4分)
'Increasing the minimum wage to $50 per hour is an unfair policy as it hurts small business owners.' Explain whether the above statement is a positive statement or a normative statement. (2 marks) 「將最低工資提高至每小時 50 元是一項不公平的政策，因為它會損害小企業主的利益。」 解釋上述陳述是實證性陳述還是規範性陳述。（2 分）
Which of the following are included in the opportunity cost of a student participating in a summer exchange program abroad? (1) The program registration fee paid to the school. (2) The salary the student could have earned from a part-time job during the summer. (3) The airfare and accommodation expenses specifically for this trip. (4) The cost of lunch that the student would have consumed regardless of whether they stayed home or went abroad. 下列哪些屬於學生參加境外暑期交流計劃的機會成本？ (1) 向學校繳交的計劃報名費。 (2) 學生在暑假期間本可從兼職工作中賺取的薪金。 (3) 專門為此次旅程支付的機票及住宿開支。 (4) 無論學生留在家中還是出國都會消耗的午餐費用。
Consider the following information regarding a government's 'Youth Employment Training Programme'. - The programme provides free pre-employment training to all school leavers aged 15 to 24. - The government hires experienced industry professionals to conduct workshops in community centres. The above information is related to the __________ question(s) in Economics. (1) 'what to produce' (2) 'how to produce' (3) 'for whom to produce' 考慮以下有關政府「青年就業培訓計劃」的資料： - 該計劃為所有 15 至 24 歲的離校青少年提供免費職前培訓。 - 政府聘請經驗豐富的行業專業人士在社區中心舉辦工作坊。 以上資料與經濟學中的 __________ 問題有關。 (1) 「生產什麼」 (2) 「如何生產」 (3) 「為誰生產」
Country K recently introduced a 'Luxury Vehicle Surcharge' (LVS) to discourage excessive consumption of high-end cars. LVS is a tax imposed on the profit made from reselling luxury vehicles within 6 months of purchase. The government spent $800 million to upgrade its internal database to track vehicle ownership transfers automatically. A government official stated that this system ensures taxpayers clearly understand their tax liabilities and can settle payments through a user-friendly mobile application. Evaluate the LVS in terms of TWO principles of taxation put forward by Adam Smith. (4 marks) K國最近引入了「豪華車輛附加稅」（LVS），以抑制高檔汽車的過度消費。 LVS 是對購買後 6 個月內轉售豪華車輛所獲利潤徵收的稅項。 政府花費了 8 億元升級內部數據庫，以自動追蹤車輛所有權轉移。一名政府官員表示，該系統確保納稅人清楚了解其稅務責任，並可透過用戶友好的流動應用程式繳交稅款。 根據亞當斯密（Adam Smith）提出的其中兩項稅制原則，評估這項新稅項。（4分）
Refer to the following dialogue between two students regarding the minimum wage policy in Hong Kong. John: The current statutory minimum wage level is too low to support a basic standard of living. Alice: Raising the minimum wage will lead to a higher unemployment rate among low-skilled workers. Which of the following descriptions is correct? 參考以下兩位學生就香港最低工資政策的對話。 約翰：現時的法定最低工資水平太低，不足以維持基本生活水平。 愛麗絲：調高最低工資會導致低技術勞工的失業率上升。 下列哪項描述是正確的？
Ivan is considering how to spend his Sunday afternoon. His preference ranking is as follows: 1st option: Attending a piano recital 2nd option: Going hiking with friends 3rd option: Staying at home to sleep Suppose his preferences remain the same. Which of the following will result in an increase in Ivan's opportunity cost of attending the piano recital? 阿勤正在考慮如何度過他的星期日下午。他的偏好排列如下： 第一選擇：參加鋼琴演奏會 第二選擇：與朋友遠足 第三選擇：留在家中睡覺 假設他的偏好維持不變，以下哪項會導致阿勤參加鋼琴演奏會的機會成本增加？
Is the clean water provided by a public drinking fountain in a park a free good? Explain. 公園內公共飲水機提供的淨水是否屬於免費物品？試解釋。 (4 Marks) (4分)
Public libraries in Hong Kong provide book lending services to citizens without charging any borrowing fees. Are these library services considered 'free goods' in economics? Explain your answer. 香港公共圖書館為市民提供圖書借閱服務，且不收取任何借閱費用。在經濟學而言，這些圖書館服務是否屬於「免費物品」？試解釋你的答案。 (3 Marks) (3分)
Distinguish between a free good and an economic good. Use sunlight as a context to provide examples for both concepts. 試分辨免費物品與經濟物品。並以陽光為背景，分別為這兩個概念提供例子。 (4 Marks) (4分)
Is the use of a public park that does not charge an entrance fee a free good? Explain. 一個不設入場費的公立公園，其提供的服務是否屬於免費物品？試解釋。 (5 Marks) (5分)
Is sunlight an economic good? Explain. (3 marks) 陽光是經濟物品嗎？試解釋。
Explain why seawater in the middle of the ocean is usually a free good, whereas desalinated bottled water sold in a supermarket is an economic good. 解釋為什麼大洋中央的海水通常是免費物品，而在超級市場出售的淡化瓶裝水則是經濟物品。 (6 Marks) (6分)
Is 'free' Wi-Fi provided by a shopping mall to its customers an economic good or a free good? Explain. 商場向顧客提供的「免費」Wi-Fi 是經濟物品還是免費物品？試解釋。 (3 Marks) (3分)
Is fresh air inside a submarine an economic good? Explain. 潛水艇內的清新空氣是否屬於經濟物品？試解釋。 (4 Marks) (4分)
Is the clean water provided by a government-funded public fountain a free good? Explain. 政府資助的公共飲水機提供的清潔食水是否免費物品？試解釋。 (3 Marks) (3分)
Amy is considering joining one of three extracurricular clubs after school. Her order of preference is as follows: First preference: Drama Club Second preference: Debating Society Third preference: Photography Club (a) Define opportunity cost. (b) Suppose the school cancels the Debating Society due to a lack of instructors. Explain how Amy's opportunity cost of joining the Drama Club would change. 艾美正考慮在課後參加三個課外活動小組之一。她的偏好排序如下： 第一偏好：戲劇學會 第二偏好：辯論學會 第三偏好：攝影學會 (a) 定義機會成本。 (b) 假設學校因導師不足而取消辯論學會。解釋艾美參加戲劇學會的機會成本會如何改變。 (6 Marks) (6分)
A city government decides to invest $50 billion in constructing a high-speed rail link connecting the urban center to a remote industrial zone. A local economist claims that the actual cost of this project to society is significantly higher than the $50 billion financial expenditure. Provide TWO economic reasons to support the economist's claim. 某城市政府決定投資 500 億元興建一條連接市中心與偏遠工業區的高速鐵路。一位本地經濟學家聲稱，該項目對社會造成的實際成本遠高於 500 億元的財政支出。試提供兩個經濟理由以支持該經濟學家的論點。 (5 Marks) (5分)
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